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The connection between smoking cigarettes and cancer has been established, but until recently, was assumed that nicotine itself was not carcinogenic. The blame for cancer induction was placed on the many other toxic chemicals found in cigarettes. A new study suggests that nicotine itself may also promote cancer development. Phillip A. Dennis, et al. (West, K. A., et al. 2003) examined the role of nicotine on activation of Protein Kinase B (PKB), a protein involved in biological signaling. PKB is important for key cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and cell cycle progression and is active in many types of tumors (West, K. A., et al. 2003). If nicotine activates PKB, then it could be a cancer-promoting agent. This would be important information for those using nicotine patches and other “stop-smoking” agents.