References

Arizona Smokers' Helpline. http://www.ashline.org. Accessed: April, 2003.

 

Hecht, S. S., Hochalter J. B., Villalta P.W., Murphy S.E. 2000. 2'-Hydroxylation of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 and human liver microsomes: Formation of a lung carcinogen precursor. PNAS 97: 12493-12497.

 

Lawlor, M.A., and Alessi, D.R. 2001. PKB/Akt: a key mediator of cell proliferation, survival and insulin response? J. Cell Sci. 114:2903-2910.

 

Meeker-O'Connell, Ann. "How Nicotine Works". How Stuff Works. http://www.howstuffworks.com/nicotine.htm. Accessed: April, 2003.

 

Minna, J.D. 2003 Nicotine exposure and bronchial epithelial cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 111:31-33.

 

Sengbusch, Peter v. "Alkaloids." Botany online:The Secondary Metabolism of Plants: Secondary Defence Compounds. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e20/20a.htm. Accessed April, 2003.

 

Smelly Puking Habit. http://www.smellypukinghabit.com. Accessed: April, 2003.

 

West, K.A., Brognard J., Clark A. S., Linnoila I. R., Yang X., Swain S. M., Harris C., Belinsky S., Dennis P.A. 2003. Rapid Akt activation of nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen modulates the phenotype of normal human airway epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 111:80-90

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